Skin Cancer Charts Graphs: July 2008

Thursday, July 31, 2008

Fwd: Nanotechnology for breast cancer therapy.

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From: HubMed - breast cancer <rssfwd@rssfwd.com>
Date: Wed, Jul 30, 2008 at 9:30 PM
Subject: Nanotechnology for breast cancer therapy.
To: mesothelioma77@gmail.com

[1]Biomed Microdevices. 2008 Jul 29;
Tanaka T, Decuzzi P, Cristofanilli M, Sakamoto JH, Tasciotti E, Robertson FM, Ferrari M

Breast cancer is the field of medicine with the greatest presence of nanotechnological therapeutic agents in the clinic. A pegylated form of liposomally encapsulated doxorubicin is routinely used for treatment against metastatic cancer, and albumin nanoparticulate chaperones of paclitaxel were approved for locally recurrent and metastatic disease in 2005. These drugs have yielded substantial clinical benefit, and are steadily gathering greater beneficial impact. Clinical trials currently employing these drugs in combination with chemo and biological therapeutics exceed 150 worldwide. Despite these advancements, breast cancer morbidity and mortality is unacceptably high. Nanotechnology offers potential solutions to the historical challenge that has rendered breast cancer so difficult to contain and eradicate: the extreme biological diversity of the disease presentation in the patient population and in the evolutionary changes of any individual disease, the multiple pathways that drive disease progression, the onset of 'resistance' to established therapeutic cocktails, and the gravity of the side effects to treatment, which result from generally very poor distribution of the injected therapeutic agents in the body. A fundamental requirement for success in the development of new therapeutic strategies is that breast cancer specialists-in the clinic, the pharmaceutical and the basic biological laboratory-and nanotechnologists-engineers, physicists, chemists and mathematicians-optimize their ability to work in close collaboration. This further requires a mutual openness across cultural and language barriers, academic reward systems, and many other 'environmental' divides. This paper is respectfully submitted to the community to help foster the mutual interactions of the breast cancer world with micro- and nano-technology, and in particular to encourage the latter community to direct ever increasing attention to breast cancer, where an extraordinary beneficial impact may result. The paper initiates with an introductory overview of breast cancer, its current treatment modalities, and the current role of nanotechnology in the clinic. Our perspectives are then presented on what the greatest opportunities for nanotechnology are; this follows from an analysis of the role of biological barriers that adversely determine the biological distribution of intravascularly injected therapeutic agents. Different generations of nanotechnology tools for drug delivery are reviewed, and our current strategy for addressing the sequential bio-barriers is also presented, and is accompanied by an encouragement to the community to develop even more effective ones.

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Source: http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=18663578
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Fwd: Does the eradication of Helicobacter pylori delay the diagnosis of gastric cancer?

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From: HubMed - cancer <rssfwd@rssfwd.com>
Date: Wed, Jul 30, 2008 at 9:30 PM
Subject: Does the eradication of Helicobacter pylori delay the diagnosis of gastric cancer?
To: mesothelioma77@gmail.com

[1]Scand J Gastroenterol. 2008 Jul 29; 1-5
Kokkola A, Sipponen P, Arkkila P, Danielson H, Puolakkainen P

Objective. To assess the frequency of gastric cancer patients having received eradication treatment of Helicobacter pylori, and whether this treatment has any influence on the delay in the diagnosis or the stage of the tumours at the time of the operation. Material and methods. A total of 119 consecutive patients with gastric cancer were interviewed preoperatively between 2001 and 2003 at the Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital. Abdominal symptoms, previous endoscopies, previous H. pylori testing and eradication therapies were recorded. Results. Of these patients, 112 (94%) had abdominal symptoms before the cancer diagnosis, and in 110 patients (92%) these symptoms were alarming or had changed before the cancer diagnosis. Thirty-five patients (29%) had received H. pylori eradication therapy prior to the diagnosis of gastric cancer (15 after onset or change in symptoms, 10 more than 5 years prior to the cancer diagnosis). The median duration of alarm, new or changed symptoms was longer among patients with H. pylori eradication therapy after the onset or change in their symptoms as compared to other patients (12.0 versus 4.5 months, p=0.001). However, there was no difference in the tumour stages at time of the operation between the eradication and no eradication groups. A previous gastroscopy within 2 years prior to the cancer diagnosis was performed in 17 (14%) patients. Diffuse-type cancers were missed significantly more often in endoscopies than cancers of intestinal type. Conclusion. Previous H. pylori eradication may delay the detection of gastric cancer if it is given during symptoms caused by tumour.

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Source: http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=18663664
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Fwd: The Performance of Risk Prediction Models.

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From: HubMed - cancer <rssfwd@rssfwd.com>
Date: Wed, Jul 30, 2008 at 9:30 PM
Subject: The Performance of Risk Prediction Models.
To: mesothelioma77@gmail.com

[1]Biom J. 2008 Jul 29; 50(4): 457-479
Gerds TA, Cai T, Schumacher M

For medical decision making and patient information, predictions of future status variables play an important role. Risk prediction models can be derived with many different statistical approaches. To compare them, measures of predictive performance are derived from ROC methodology and from probability forecasting theory. These tools can be applied to assess single markers, multivariable regression models and complex model selection algorithms. This article provides a systematic review of the modern way of assessing risk prediction models. Particular attention is put on proper benchmarks and resampling techniques that are important for the interpretation of measured performance. All methods are illustrated with data from a clinical study in head and neck cancer patients. ((c) 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim).

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Source: http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=18663757
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Fwd: Complexation Study of the Anticancer Agent EO-9 with 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-Cyclodextrin.

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From: HubMed - cancer <rssfwd@rssfwd.com>
Date: Wed, Jul 30, 2008 at 9:30 PM
Subject: Complexation Study of the Anticancer Agent EO-9 with 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-Cyclodextrin.
To: mesothelioma77@gmail.com

[1]Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 2008 Jul 29; 1-10
Beijnen JH, van der Schoot SC, Nuijen B, Flesch FM, Gore A, Mirejovsky D, Lenaz L

For the development of a bladder instillation of the indoloquinone agent EO-9, use of the complexing agent 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPbetaCD) was considered. Therefore, a complexation study of EO-9 with HPbetaCD was performed. Complexation was studied in aqueous solution and in solid freeze-dried products. A phase solubility study, UV-visible spectroscopy (UV/VIS), and analysis of the effect of HPbetaD on the stability of EO-9 were performed. With the phase solubility study, a complexation constant (K1:1) of 32.9, a complexation efficiency (CE) of 0.0457, and a utility number (UCD) of 38.3 were calculated. These K1:1 and CE values indicate a weak complex, but the UCD shows that HPbetaCD can be very useful as solubilizer in the desired formulation. Furthermore, a positive effect of HPbetaCD on the chemical stability of EO-9 in solution was seen. Subsequently, complexation in the freeze-dried products was studied more thoroughly using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses. HPbetaCD was found to be an excellent pharmaceutical complexing agent for application in formulations for EO-9 bladder instillations. Reconstitution before use of the developed freeze-dried products can be simply accomplished with water for injection.

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Source: http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=18663657
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Fwd: Intrafraction changes of prostate position and geometrical errors studied by continuous electronic portal imaging.

---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: HubMed - cancer <rssfwd@rssfwd.com>
Date: Wed, Jul 30, 2008 at 9:30 PM
Subject: Intrafraction changes of prostate position and geometrical errors studied by continuous electronic portal imaging.
To: mesothelioma77@gmail.com

[1]Acta Oncol. 2008 Jul 29; 1-7
Haskå TM, Honore H, Muren LP, Høyer M, Poulsen PR

Purpose. The use of marker-based on-line image guided radiotherapy for prostate cancer has considerably reduced the treatment margins to sub-cm. In this study we have quantified the residual set-up errors remaining after isocenter correction, studied their development during beam delivery and estimated their impact on margins. Methods and materials. After initial on-line patient set-up based on orthogonal kV x-ray images of implanted fiducial markers, continuous electronic portal imaging was performed during treatment delivery in 10 of 39 treatment sessions for 20 prostate cancer patients. The cranio-caudal (CC) position of the centre-of-mass of the three markers was found using a threshold technique on every single image frame for all patients, typically 12 - 14 images for 5 treatment beams in every fraction. The CC prostate position was determined relative to its initial position at treatment onset and relative to its planned position within the field aperture. These results allowed determination of the CC intrafraction prostate motion and the intrafraction progression of the geometrical CC error, respectively. Results. At treatment onset the standard deviation (SD) of the set-up error was 1.0mm in the lateral direction and 1.5mm in the cranio-caudal (CC) direction. It did not depend significantly on the duration of the set-up procedure (mean: 3.0min, span 1.2-14.6min). The distribution of CC prostate positions relative to the position at treatment onset broadened from 0 to 1.4mm during the treatment session, while the corresponding CC setup error distribution broadened from 1.5 to 1.9mm. This broadening means that the necessary CC setup margin increased by around 1mm during the treatment fraction. Conclusions. Large differences in the intrafraction CC prostate motion patterns were found, however, intrafraction motion only results in a modest additional CC set-up margin of around 1mm relative to the margins needed for the residual set-up error at treatment start.

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Source: http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=18663646
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Fwd: Meta-analysis of gene-expression profiles in breast cancer: toward a unified understanding of breast cancer sub-typing and prognosis signatures.

---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: HubMed - breast cancer <rssfwd@rssfwd.com>
Date: Wed, Jul 30, 2008 at 9:30 PM
Subject: Meta-analysis of gene-expression profiles in breast cancer: toward a unified understanding of breast cancer sub-typing and prognosis signatures.
To: mesothelioma77@gmail.com

[1]Breast Cancer Res. 2008 Jul 28; 10(4): R65
Wirapati P, Sotiriou C, Kunkel S, Farmer P, Pradervand S, Haibe-Kains B, Desmedt C, Ignatiadis M, Sengstag T, Schutz F, Goldstein DR, Piccart M, Delorenzi M

ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer sub-typing and prognosis have been extensively studied by gene expression profiling, resulting in disparate signatures with little overlap in their constituent genes. Although a previous study demonstrated a prognostic concordance among gene-expression signatures, it was limited to only one dataset and did not fully elucidate how the different genes were related to one another, nor examined the contribution of well-known biological processes of breast cancer tumorigenesis to their prognostic performance. METHODS: To address the above issues and to further validate these initial findings, we performed the largest meta-analysis of publicly available breast cancer gene-expression and clinical data totaling 2833 breast tumors. Gene co-expression modules of three key biological processes in breast cancer, namely proliferation, estrogen receptor and HER2 signaling, were used to dissect the role of constituent genes of 9 prognostic signatures. RESULTS: Using meta-analytical approach, we consolidated the signatures associated with ER signaling, ERBB2 amplification and proliferation. Previously published expression-based nomenclature of breast cancer "intrinsic" subtypes can be mapped to the three modules, namely, the ER-/HER2- (basal-like), the HER2+ (HER2-like) and the low and high proliferation ER+/HER2- subtypes (luminal A and B). We showed that all 9 prognostic signatures exhibited similar prognostic performance in the entire dataset. Their prognostic abilities are due mostly to detection of proliferation activity. Although ER- (basal-like) and ERBB2+ amplification status correspond to bad outcome, they seem to act through elevated expression of proliferation genes, and thus contain only indirect information about prognosis. Clinical variables measuring the extent of tumor progression, such as tumor size and nodal status, still add independent prognostic information to proliferation genes. CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis unifies various results of previous gene-expression studies in breast cancer. It reveals connections between traditional prognostic factors, expression-based sub-typing and prognostic signatures, highlighting the important role of proliferation in breast cancer prognosis.

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Source: http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=18662380
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Fwd: Serum HER-2/neu and relative resistance to trastuzumab-based therapy in patients with metastatic breast cancer.

---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: HubMed - breast cancer <rssfwd@rssfwd.com>
Date: Wed, Jul 30, 2008 at 9:30 PM
Subject: Serum HER-2/neu and relative resistance to trastuzumab-based therapy in patients with metastatic breast cancer.
To: mesothelioma77@gmail.com

[1]Cancer. 2008 Jul 25;
Ali SM, Carney WP, Esteva FJ, Fornier M, Harris L, Köstler WJ, Lotz JP, Luftner D, Pichon MF, Lipton A,

BACKGROUND.: Previous reports based on small patient numbers suggested that changes in serum HER-2/neu levels may predict response or lack of response to trastuzumab-based therapies in metastatic breast cancer (MBC). The objectives of this study were to pool data from 307 patients with MBC from 7 medical institutions to validate that the serum HER-2/neu profile predicts patient resistance to trastuzumab and to establish a clinically relevant cutoff. METHODS.: This was an international, multicenter, retrospective analysis of individual pooled data from 307 patients with MBC who were treated with first-line trastuzumab-based therapy. Serum was collected at baseline and 30 to 120 days after the initiation of trastuzumab therapy. A serum HER-2/neu decrease >/=20% (receiver operating curve analysis) was defined as a significant HER-2/neu change. RESULTS.: Of the 307 patients with MBC, 191 patients (62%) had a significant decline (>20%) in serum HER-2/neu and 116 patients (38%) did not. The objective response rate was 57% for patients who achieved this decline in serum HER-2/neu (>20%) compared with 28% for patients who did not. Patients who achieved this decline in serum HER-2/neu also had a significantly longer time to disease progression (320 days vs 180 days; P /=20%) in serum HER-2/neu levels had decreased benefit from trastuzumab-based therapy, and these patients should be considered for clinical trials evaluating additional HER-2/neu-targeted interventions. Cancer 2008. (c) 2008 American Cancer Society.

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Source: http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=18661530
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Tuesday, July 29, 2008

Fwd: Recent advances in breast MRI and MRS.

---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: HubMed - breast cancer <rssfwd@rssfwd.com>
Date: Tue, Jul 29, 2008 at 7:42 AM
Subject: Recent advances in breast MRI and MRS.
To: mesothelioma77@gmail.com

[1]NMR Biomed. 2008 Jul 23;
Sinha S, Sinha U

Breast MRI is an area of intense research and is fast becoming an important tool for the diagnosis of breast cancer. This review covers recent advances in breast MRI, MRS, and image post-processing and analysis. Several studies have explored a multi-parametric approach to breast imaging that combines analysis of traditional contrast enhancement patterns and lesion architecture with novel methods such as diffusion, perfusion, and spectroscopy to increase the specificity of breast MRI studies. Diffusion-weighted MRI shows some potential for increasing the specificity of breast lesion diagnosis and is even more promise for monitoring early response to therapy. MRS also has great potential for increasing specificity and for therapeutic monitoring. A limited number of studies have evaluated perfusion imaging based on first-pass contrast bolus tracking, and these clearly identify that vascular indices have great potential to increase specificity. The review also covers the relatively new acquisition technique of MR elastography for breast lesion characterization. A brief survey of image processing algorithms tailored for breast MR, including registration of serial dynamic images, segmentation and extraction of morphological features of breast lesions, and contrast uptake modeling, is also included. Recent advances in MRI, MRS, and automated image analysis have increased the utility of breast MR in diagnosis, screening, management, and therapy monitoring of breast cancer. Copyright (c) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Source: http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=18654998
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Fwd: N-myc downstream-regulated gene 1 as a downregulated target gene of PTEN in the controlling of tumourigenesis in endometrioid carcinoma.

---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: HubMed - breast cancer <rssfwd@rssfwd.com>
Date: Tue, Jul 29, 2008 at 7:42 AM
Subject: N-myc downstream-regulated gene 1 as a downregulated target gene of PTEN in the controlling of tumourigenesis in endometrioid carcinoma.
To: mesothelioma77@gmail.com

[1]Indian J Med Res. 2008 May; 127(5): 453-9
Li S, Chen J, Yang Z, Lu G, Tang H, Hu H

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Mutation/deletion of PTEN has been known to be involved in the development of many cancers including endometrial carcinoma. NDRG1 (N-myc downstreamregulated gene 1) is reported to be associated with tumourigenesis. PTEN expression has been shown to be correlated with NDRG1 in both prostate and breast cancer. In this study, we explored the possibility that PTEN alteration may cause carcinogenesis of endometrioid carcinoma by regulating the expression of the NDRG1 gene. METHODS: Tissue blocks of 103 patients with pathologically confirmed endometrioid carcinoma were included. All the carcinoma tissues were accompanied with varied degree of necrosis. Using twostep method and avidin-biotin peroxidase complex immunohistochemistry method, the correlation of the two genes expression in ischaemic area and the relationship of NDRG1 expression between ischaemic and non-ischaemic area in endometrioid carcinomas was evaluated. RESULTS: PTEN alteration and NDRG1 expressions were significantly increased in the ischaemic area of endometrioid carcinoma compared with their expressions in the normal endometrium respectively (P

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Source: http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=18653908
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Fwd: Identification and biochemical characterization of the SLC9A7 interactome.

---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: HubMed - breast cancer <rssfwd@rssfwd.com>
Date: Tue, Jul 29, 2008 at 7:42 AM
Subject: Identification and biochemical characterization of the SLC9A7 interactome.
To: mesothelioma77@gmail.com

[1]Mol Membr Biol. 2008 Aug; 25(5): 436-47
Kagami T, Chen S, Memar P, Choi M, Foster LJ, Numata M

Organellar and cytosolic pH homeostasis is central to most cellular processes, including vesicular trafficking, post-translational modification/processing of proteins, and receptor-ligand interactions. SLC9A7 (NHE7) was identified as a unique (Na(+), K(+))/H(+) exchanger that dynamically cycles between the trans-Golgi network (TGN), endosomes and the plasma membrane. Here we have used mass spectrometry to explore the affinity-captured interactome of NHE7, leading to the identification of cytoskeletal proteins, cell adhesion molecules, membrane transporters, and signaling molecules. Among these binding proteins, calcium-calmodulin, but not apo-calmodulin, binds to NHE7 and regulates the organellar transporter activity. Vimentin was co-immunoprecipitated with endogenous NHE7 protein in human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. A sizable population of NHE7 relocalized to focal complexes in migrating cells and showed colocalization with vimentin and actin in focal complexes. Among the NHE7-binding proteins identified, CD44, a cell surface glycoprotein receptor for hyaluronate and other ligands, showed regulated interaction with NHE7. Pretreatment of the cells with phorbol ester facilitated the NHE7-CD44 interaction and the lipid raft association of CD44. When lipid rafts were chemically disrupted, the NHE7-CD44 interaction was markedly reduced. These results suggest potential dual roles of NHE7 in intracellular compartments and subdomains of cell-surface membranes.

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Source: http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=18654930
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Fwd: Application of selective estrogen receptor modulators for breast cancer treatment according to their intrinsic nature.

---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: HubMed - breast cancer <rssfwd@rssfwd.com>
Date: Tue, Jul 29, 2008 at 7:42 AM
Subject: Application of selective estrogen receptor modulators for breast cancer treatment according to their intrinsic nature.
To: mesothelioma77@gmail.com

[1]Breast Cancer. 2008 Jul 25;
Saji S, Kuroi K

The selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) tamoxifen and raloxifene exert their estrogen agonist and antagonist actions depending on the target organ and individual circumstances. For instance, tamoxifen increases bone mineral density in postmenopausal patients, but decreases it in premenopausal patients when it is used as the adjuvant therapy for breast cancer in both populations. Due to positive results from recent large clinical trials for early breast cancer, the aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are the agent of first choice for postmenopausal patients. However, the veteran SERM tamoxifen is still the primary drug for premenopausal breast cancer patients, patients with ductal carcinoma in situ and subset of postmenopausal women. Recent accumulated data suggest that both raloxifene and tamoxifen could be useful in chemoprevention. Further investigation should be made into the development of a systematic strategy for application to a suitable target population, i.e., one more likely to develop hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. Unlike the AIs, SERMs have a distinct function that does not directly relate to hormone receptors when used in higher pharmacological concentration. The attempt to overcome chemo-drug resistance using high-dose SERMs would be one approach to developing such a strategy. There were several reports showing the antiproliferative effect of SERMs for estrogen receptor-negative cells, such as glioma. There are still numerous possible applications for SERMs when their intrinsic nature is utilized.

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Source: http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=18654829
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Fwd: Prognostic value of micrometastases in sentinel lymph nodes of patients with breast carcinoma: a cohort study.

---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: HubMed - breast cancer <rssfwd@rssfwd.com>
Date: Tue, Jul 29, 2008 at 7:42 AM
Subject: Prognostic value of micrometastases in sentinel lymph nodes of patients with breast carcinoma: a cohort study.
To: mesothelioma77@gmail.com

[1]Ann Oncol. 2008 Jul 24;
Gobardhan PD, Elias SG, Madsen EV, Bongers V, Ruitenberg HJ, Perre CI, van Dalen T

BACKGROUND: The prognostic meaning and thus indication for adjuvant therapy of lymphogenic micrometastases in breast cancer patients is still under debate. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From 1999 to 2007, 703 patients with (c)T(1-2)N(0) breast cancer underwent surgery including sentinel lymph node biopsy. Examination of sentinel lymph nodes consisted of hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemistry staining following serial sectioning of the sentinel node. Patients were divided into four groups: (p)N(0) (n = 423), (p)N(1micro) (n = 81), (p)N(1a) (n = 130) and (p)N(>/=1b) (n = 69). Median follow-up was 40 months. RESULTS: At the end of follow-up, 53 patients had died and 64 had recurrent disease. Compared with (p)N(0) and following adjustment for possible confounders, including adjuvant systemic treatment, overall survival was not significantly different for (p)N(1micro) while significantly worse for (p)N(1a) and (p)N(>/=1b) {hazard ratio (HR) [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 0.59 [0.14-2.58], 4.31 [1.85-10.01], 10.66 [4.04-28.14], respectively}. Likewise, disease-free survival was not significantly different for (p)N(1micro) and worse for (p)N(1a) and (p)N(>/=1b) (HR [95% CI]: 1.43 [0.67-3.02], 2.79 [1.37-5.66], 7.13 [3.27-15.54], respectively). Distant metastases were more commonly observed in the (p)N(1micro) than in the (p)N(0) group, but still not as common as in the (p)N(1a) or (p)N(>/=1b) group (HR [95% CI]: 4.85 [1.79-13.18], 10.34 [3.82-28.00], 23.25 [7.88-68.56], respectively). CONCLUSION: Although the risk of distant metastases was higher in patients in the (p)N(1micro) than in the (p)N(0) group, no statistically significant differences were observed in overall or disease-free survival between (p)N(0) and (p)N(1micro). Micrometastatic lymph node involvement in itself should not be an indication for adjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients.

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Source: http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=18653702
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Monday, July 28, 2008

Fwd: Association between plasma cholesterol and prostate cancer in the PSA era.

---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: HubMed - cancer <rssfwd@rssfwd.com>
Date: Thu, Jul 24, 2008 at 7:29 AM
Subject: Association between plasma cholesterol and prostate cancer in the PSA era.
To: mesothelioma77@gmail.com

[1]Int J Cancer. 2008 Jul 21;
Platz EA, Clinton SK, Giovannucci E

We previously found that statin users had a lower risk of advanced and possibly high-grade prostate cancer compared with nonusers. We hypothesize that statins' effects on cholesterol synthesis may explain those findings because prostate cancer cells exhibit cholesterol dysregulation. Thus, we investigated whether low plasma cholesterol is associated with prostate cancer overall and by stage and grade. Participants were drawn from the 18,018 members of the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study who provided blood in 1993-1995. We ascertained 698 incident cases through January 2000. Controls were 698 men who had a PSA test and were matched to cases. Plasma cholesterol was measured enzymatically. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate multivariable ORs and 95% CIs of total, clinically organ-confined (n = 518), advanced (T3b or worse; n = 61), low-grade (Gleason sum /= 7, n = 247) disease. Low cholesterol (/=25th percentile) was not associated with total (OR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.72-1.20), organ-confined (OR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.64-1.18) or low-grade (OR = 1.06, 95% CI: 0.75-1.51) disease. However, men with low cholesterol had a lower risk of high-grade disease (OR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.39-0.98), especially if organ-confined (OR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.29-0.99). The association for advanced disease appeared inverse, but number of cases was small (OR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.13-1.36). Associations remained after excluding cholesterol-lowering drug users. These results coupled with prior statin findings suggest that mechanistic studies on cholesterol metabolism should be pursued to understand a possible target for preventing poorly differentiated prostate cancers. (c) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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Source: http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=18646186
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Fwd: Oral maxillofacial neoplasms in an East African population a 10 year retrospective study of 1863 cases using histopathological reports.

---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: HubMed - cancer <rssfwd@rssfwd.com>
Date: Fri, Jul 25, 2008 at 11:44 PM
Subject: Oral maxillofacial neoplasms in an East African population a 10 year retrospective study of 1863 cases using histopathological reports.
To: mesothelioma77@gmail.com

[1]BMC Oral Health. 2008 Jul 23; 8(1): 19
Kamulegeya A, Kalyanyama B

ABSTRACT: Introduction and objective Neoplasms of the oral maxillofacial area are an interesting entity characterized by differences in nomenclature and classification at different centers. We report neoplastic diagnoses seen at the departments of oral maxillofacial surgery of Muhimbili and Mulago referral hospitals in Tanzania and Uganda respectively over a 10 year period. METHODS: We retrieved histopathological reports archived at the departments of oral maxillofacial surgery of Muhimbili and Mulago referral hospitals in Tanzania and Uganda respectively over a 10 year period from June 1989-July 1999. RESULTS: In the period between June 1989 and July 1999, 565 and 1298 neoplastic oro-facial cases were retrieved of which 284 (50.53%) and 967 (74.54%) were malignant neoplasms at Muhimbili and Mulago hospitals respectively. Overall 67.28% of the diagnoses recorded were malignant with Kaposi's sarcoma (21.98%), Burkiits lymphoma (20.45%), and squamous cell carcinoma (15.22%) dominating that group while ameloblastoma (9.23%), fibromas (7.3%) and pleomorphic adenoma (4.95%) dominated the benign group. The high frequency of malignancies could be due to inclusion criteria and the clinical practice of selective histopathology investigation. However, it may also be due to higher chances of referrals in case of malignancies. CONCLUSION: There is need to reexamine the slides in these two centers in order to bring them in line with the most recent WHO classification so as to allow for comparison with reports from else where.

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Source: http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=18651958
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Fwd: Body mass index and cancer risk in Korean men and women.

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From: HubMed - breast cancer <rssfwd@rssfwd.com>
Date: Fri, Jul 25, 2008 at 11:44 PM
Subject: Body mass index and cancer risk in Korean men and women.
To: mesothelioma77@gmail.com

[1]Int J Cancer. 2008 Jul 23;
Jee SH, Yun JE, Park EJ, Cho ER, Park IS, Sull JW, Ohrr H, Samet JM

Obesity is associated with diverse health risks, but the role of body weight (BMI) as a risk factor for all and site-specific cancers remains controversial and risks for cancer associated with obesity have not been well-characterized in Asians. Body weight and risk for cancer were examined in a 14-year prospective cohort study of 1,213,829 Koreans aged 30-95 years insured by the National Health Insurance Corporation who had a biennial medical evaluation in 1992-1995. Incidence rates for all cancers and site-specific cancers were examined in relation to BMI. Age- and smoking-status adjusted hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were examined using the Cox proportional hazards model. For both sexes, the average baseline BMI was 23.2 kg/m(2), and the association of risk for all-cancers with BMI was positive. Obese men (BMI >/= 30 kg/m(2)) were at increased risk for developing the following cancers: stomach (1.31, 1.05-1.64), colon (1.42, 1.02-1.98), liver (1.63, 1.27-2.10) and gallbladder (1.65, 1.11-2.44). Obese women (BMI >/= 30 kg/m(2)) were at increased risk for developing liver cancer (1.39, 1.00-1.94), pancreatic cancer (1.80, 1.14-2.86) and breast cancer among women aged >/=50 years old (1.38, 1.00-1.90). The HRs were comparable in never and ever smokers for all cancers and all specific sites except for lung cancer. For all cancers common to both sexes, the association was significantly weaker (p

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Fwd: Molecular analysis of t(15;17) genomic breakpoints in secondary acute promyelocytic leukemia arising after treatment of multiple sclerosis.

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From: HubMed - breast cancer <rssfwd@rssfwd.com>
Date: Fri, Jul 25, 2008 at 11:44 PM
Subject: Molecular analysis of t(15;17) genomic breakpoints in secondary acute promyelocytic leukemia arising after treatment of multiple sclerosis.
To: mesothelioma77@gmail.com

[1]Blood. 2008 Jul 23;
Hasan SK, Mays AN, Ottone T, Ledda A, La Nasa G, Cattaneo C, Borlenghi E, Melillo L, Montefusco E, Cervera J, Stephen C, Satchi G, Lennard A, Libura M, Byl JA, Osheroff N, Amadori S, Felix CA, Voso MT, Sperr WR, Esteve J, Sanz MA, Grimwade D, Lo-Coco F

Therapy-related acute promyelocytic leukemia (t-APL) with the t(15;17) translocation is a well-recognized complication of cancer treatment with agents targeting topoisomerase II. However, cases are emerging following mitoxantrone therapy for multiple sclerosis (MS). Analysis of 12 cases of mitoxantrone-related t-APL in MS patients revealed an altered distribution of chromosome 15 breakpoints compared to de novo APL, biased towards disruption within PML intron 6 (11/12, 92% vs 622/1022, 61%: p=0.035). Despite this intron spanning approximately 1kb, the breakpoint in five mitoxantrone-treated patients fell within an 8bp region (1482-9) corresponding to the "hotspot" previously reported in t-APL complicating mitoxantrone-containing breast cancer therapy. Another shared breakpoint was identified within the approximately 17kb RARA intron 2 involving two t-APL cases arising after mitoxantrone treatment for MS and breast cancer, respectively. Analysis of PML and RARA genomic breakpoints in functional assays in 4 cases, including the shared RARA intron 2 breakpoint at 14446-49, confirmed each to be preferential sites of topoisomerase IIalpha-mediated DNA cleavage in the presence of mitoxantrone. This study further supports the presence of preferential sites of DNA damage induced by mitoxantrone in PML and RARA genes that may underlie the propensity to develop this particular subtype of leukemia following exposure to this agent.

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Source: http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=18650449
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Fwd: A case of plasmacytoma of the breast mimicking an inflammatory carcinoma.

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From: HubMed - breast cancer <rssfwd@rssfwd.com>
Date: Fri, Jul 25, 2008 at 11:44 PM
Subject: A case of plasmacytoma of the breast mimicking an inflammatory carcinoma.
To: mesothelioma77@gmail.com

[1]Clin Lymphoma Myeloma. 2008 Jun; 8(3): 191-2
Gupta A, Kumar L, Aaron M

A 42-year-old woman presented to our institution with asymptomatic swelling of the left breast for the previous 6 months along with pathologic fractures in the right humerus and the left femur for the past 2 months. Radiology revealed multiple lytic lesions throughout the skeletal system. The breast swelling was approximately 6 cm x 6 cm. The swelling was cystic-to-firm in consistency, with ill-defined margins. The skin overlying the swelling was red and had a peau d'orange appearance. There was no nipple discharge or lymphadenopathy. A differential diagnosis of breast carcinoma with multiple bone secondaries, carcinoma of unknown primary origin with breast abscess, or breast secondary or a plasmacytoma with multiple myeloma was made. Fine-needle aspiration cytology revealed sheets of immature and mature plasma cells, suggesting that it was a plasmacytoma.

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Source: http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=18650186
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Sunday, July 27, 2008

Fwd: Do nurses and cancer patients agree on cancer patients' coping resources, emotional distress and quality of life?

---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: HubMed - cancer <rssfwd@rssfwd.com>
Date: Fri, Jul 25, 2008 at 11:44 PM
Subject: Do nurses and cancer patients agree on cancer patients' coping resources, emotional distress and quality of life?
To: mesothelioma77@gmail.com

[1]Eur J Cancer Care (Engl). 2008 Jul; 17(4): 350-60
Mårtensson G, Carlsson M, Lampic C

The present study examines differences, associations and agreement in cancer patients' and their nurses' ratings of cancer patients' coping resources, emotional distress and quality of life. The study sample includes 90 individual patient-nurse pairs. The patient and nurse in each pair independently completed the Cancer Behaviour Inventory, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual Well-being. The results indicate a distinct pattern in which nurses overestimate patients' emotional distress and underestimate patients' coping resources and quality of life. A nurse who overestimated a patient's emotional distress and underestimated his/her resources for handling the situation was also likely to underestimate the patient's quality of life. Patient-nurse pairs who demonstrated consistent agreement differed from remaining pairs in that they had a larger percentage of nurses with advanced education and previous responsibility for their patients' care and in that they had higher frequencies of patients who had previously received care at the ward >5 days. Nurses caring for patients with cancer should be aware of the risk of making systematic misjudgements of patients' status. Increased attention to patients' internal resources may improve nurses' ability to make correct assessments and plan for individualized care.

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Source: http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=18652002
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Fwd: Development and evaluation of a cancer-related fatigue patient education program: protocol of a randomized controlled trial.

---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: HubMed - cancer <rssfwd@rssfwd.com>
Date: Fri, Jul 25, 2008 at 11:44 PM
Subject: Development and evaluation of a cancer-related fatigue patient education program: protocol of a randomized controlled trial.
To: mesothelioma77@gmail.com

[1]BMC Nurs. 2008 Jul 23; 7(1): 12
Stuhldreher N, Reif K, de Vries U, Gorres S, Petermann F

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) and its impact on patients' quality of life has been an increasing subject of research. However, in Germany there is a lack of evidence-based interventions consistent with the multidimensional character of fatigue. The objective of this study is to develop and evaluate a self-management program for disease-free cancer patients to cope with CRF. METHODS: Based on evidence extracted from a literature review, a curriculum for the self-management program was elaborated. The curriculum was reviewed and validated by an interdisciplinary expert group and the training-modules will be pretested with a small number of participants and discussed in terms of feasibility and acceptance. To determine the efficacy of the program a randomised controlled trial will be carried out: 300 patients will be recruited from oncological practices in Bremen, Germany, and will be allocated to intervention or control group. The intervention group participates in the program, whereas the control group receives standard care and the opportunity to take part in the program after the end of the follow-up (waiting control group). Primary outcome measure is the level of fatigue, secondary outcome measures are quality of life, depression, anxiety, self-efficacy and physical activity. Data will be collected before randomisation, after intervention, and after a follow-up of 6 months. DISCUSSION: Because there are no comparable self-management programs for cancer survivors with fatigue, the development of the curriculum has been complex; therefore, the critical appraisal by the experts was an important step to validate the program and their contributions have been integrated into the curriculum. The experts appreciated the program as filling a gap in outpatient cancer care. If the results of the evaluation prove to be satisfactory, the outpatient care of cancer patients can be broadened and supplemented. Trial Registration: Clinical Trials NCT00552552.

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Source: http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=18651943
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Fwd: Rationale for folate receptor alpha targeted therapy in "high risk" endometrial carcinomas.

---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: HubMed - cancer <rssfwd@rssfwd.com>
Date: Thu, Jul 24, 2008 at 7:29 AM
Subject: Rationale for folate receptor alpha targeted therapy in "high risk" endometrial carcinomas.
To: mesothelioma77@gmail.com

[1]Int J Cancer. 2008 Jul 21;
Brown Jones M, Neuper C, Clayton A, Mariani A, Konecny G, Thomas MB, Keeney G, Hartmann L, Podratz KC

Advanced and recurrent endometrial cancers account for the majority of deaths from this disease with limited therapeutic options. High grade, and nonendometrioid histology, pathologically characterize the endometrial tumors associated with adverse outcome and are classified as "high risk". The identification of molecular prognostic factors that might be targeted for therapy among "high risk" endometrial cancers is an active area of investigation. We hypothesize that the FRalpha, highly expressed in endometrial cancer cells, is a potential target for this disease. Our objectives were to determine if FRalpha overexpression is associated with adverse prognostic factors and worse outcome. Three hundred and thirty-two endometrial cancer cores were arrayed onto a tissue microarray and stained using a FRalpha-specific monoclonal antibody. Staining was scored as absent or weak and moderate or strong. Forty-one percent of 310 evaluable cases stained moderate/strong. Moderate/strong FRalpha staining was significantly associated with other poor prognostic factors including: advanced stage, nonendometrioid histology and high grade. An association was observed between moderate/strong FRalpha staining and recurrence (p

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Source: http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=18646191
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Fwd: Should adnexal mass size influence surgical approach? A series of 186 laparoscopically managed large adnexal masses.

---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: HubMed - cancer <rssfwd@rssfwd.com>
Date: Fri, Jul 25, 2008 at 11:44 PM
Subject: Should adnexal mass size influence surgical approach? A series of 186 laparoscopically managed large adnexal masses.
To: mesothelioma77@gmail.com

[1]BJOG. 2008 Jul; 115(8): 1020-7
Ghezzi F, Cromi A, Bergamini V, Uccella S, Siesto G, Franchi M, Bolis P

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility and safety of laparoscopic management of adnexal masses > or = 10 cm in size. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Two Gynecology Departments of University Hospitals. POPULATION: All women presenting with an adnexal mass > or = 10 cm in diameter were candidates for laparoscopic management. Women were excluded from laparoscopic approach if there was evidence of ascites or gross metastatic disease. Neither the sonographic features of the cyst nor elevated serum CA125 level was used to exclude women from having a laparoscopic approach. METHODS: A single operative protocol was followed for all women. All removed specimens were sent for immediate pathological evaluation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Rate of conversion to laparotomy, incidence of cancer encountered, and operative complications. RESULTS: One hundred and eighty-six women underwent laparoscopic evaluation for an adnexal mass of 10 cm or larger in size. The average preoperative mass size was 12.1 +/- 4.9 cm. A benign pathological condition was found in 86.6% (161/186) of the women, primary ovarian cancer in 16 (8.6%) women, a metastatic tumour of gastrointestinal origin in 1 (0.5%) woman, and a low malignant potential ovarian tumour in 8 (4.3%) women. Laparoscopic management was successful for 174 (93.5%) women. Reasons for conversion to laparotomy included anticipated technical difficulty (n = 7) and malignancy (n = 5). No intraoperative complications occurred in the entire study group. CONCLUSIONS: The vast majority of large adnexal masses can be safely resected laparoscopically, provided that there is expertise in laparoscopic surgery, immediate access to frozen section diagnosis, and preparation of patient to receive an adequate cancer surgery where indicated.

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Source: http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=18651883
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Fwd: Comparison of HER-2 and Hormone Receptor Expression in Primary Breast Cancers and Asynchronous Paired Metastases: Impact on Patient Management.

---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: HubMed - breast cancer <rssfwd@rssfwd.com>
Date: Fri, Jul 25, 2008 at 11:44 PM
Subject: Comparison of HER-2 and Hormone Receptor Expression in Primary Breast Cancers and Asynchronous Paired Metastases: Impact on Patient Management.
To: mesothelioma77@gmail.com

[1]Oncologist. 2008 Jul 23;
Guarneri V, Giovannelli S, Ficarra G, Bettelli S, Maiorana A, Piacentini F, Barbieri E, Dieci MV, D'Amico R, Jovic G, Conte P

Introduction. The assessment of hormone receptors (HRs) and human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER)-2 is necessary to select patients who are candidates for hormonal and anti-HER-2 therapy. The evaluation of these parameters is generally carried out in primary tumors and it is not clear if reassessment in metastatic lesions might have an impact on patient management. The primary aim of this analysis was to compare HER-2 and HR status in primary tumors versus metastatic sites in breast cancer patients. Patients and Methods. Seventy-five patients with available samples from primary tumors and paired metastases were included. HER-2 status was evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and/or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH); HR status was assessed by IHC. Results. Nineteen percent of primary tumors were HER-2 positive; 77% were HR positive. Sites of biopsied or resected metastases were: locoregional soft tissues (n = 30), liver (n = 20), central nervous system (n = 5), bone (n = 5), pleura (n = 4), distant soft tissues (n = 3), abdomen (stomach, colon, peritoneum) (n = 3), bronchus (n = 3), and bone marrow (n = 2). For paired metastases, the HER-2 status was unchanged in 84% of cases; two patients changed from positive to negative, while 10 patients converted from negative to positive (agreement, 84%; kappa = 0.5681). A change in HR status was observed in 16 cases (21%): nine cases from positive to negative and seven cases from negative to positive (agreement, 78.7%; kappa = 0.4158). Conclusions. Further studies are necessary to better define the level of discordance in HER-2 or HR status between primary tumors and paired metastases. However, a biopsy of metastatic disease can be recommended, if feasible with minimal invasiveness, because treatment options might change for a significant proportion of patients.

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Source: http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=18650259
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Saturday, July 26, 2008

Fwd: Identifying symptoms of ovarian cancer: a qualitative and quantitative study.

---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: HubMed - cancer <rssfwd@rssfwd.com>
Date: Fri, Jul 25, 2008 at 11:44 PM
Subject: Identifying symptoms of ovarian cancer: a qualitative and quantitative study.
To: mesothelioma77@gmail.com

[1]BJOG. 2008 Jul; 115(8): 1008-14
Bankhead CR, Collins C, Stokes-Lampard H, Rose P, Wilson S, Clements A, Mant D, Kehoe ST, Austoker J

INTRODUCTION: Symptoms of ovarian cancer are often vague and consequently a high proportion of women with ovarian cancer are not referred to the appropriate clinic. OBJECTIVE: To identify diagnostic factors for ovarian cancer. DESIGN: A qualitative and quantitative study. SETTING: Four UK hospitals. SAMPLE: One hundred and twenty-four women referred to hospital with suspected ovarian malignancy. METHODS: Women were interviewed prior to diagnosis (n = 63), or soon after. A thematic analysis was conducted. Emergent symptoms were quantitatively analysed to identify distinguishing features of ovarian cancer. MAIN OUTCOMES: Symptoms in women with and without ovarian cancer. RESULTS: Diagnoses comprised 44 malignancies, 59 benign gynaecological pathologies and 21 normal findings. Of the malignancies, 25 women had stage III or more disease, with an average age of 59 years. The benign/normal cohort was significantly younger (48 years). Multivariate analysis revealed persistent abdominal distension (OR 5.2, 95% CI 1.3-20.5), postmenopausal bleeding (OR 9.2, 95% CI 1.1-76.1), appetite loss (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.1-9.2), early satiety (OR 5.0, 95% CI 1.6-15.7) and progressive symptoms (OR 3.6, 95% CI 1.3-9.8) as independent, statistically significant variables associated with ovarian cancer. Fluctuating distension was not associated with ovarian cancer (OR 0.4, 95% CI 0-4.1). Women frequently used the term bloating, but this represented two distinct events: persistent abdominal distension and fluctuating distension/discomfort. CONCLUSIONS: Ovarian cancer is not a silent killer. Clinicians should distinguish between persistent and fluctuating distension. Recognition of the significance of symptoms described by women could lead to earlier and more appropriate referral.

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Source: http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=18651882
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Fwd: Head of Pittsburgh cancer centre urges staff to limit mobile phone use due to risk of disease (Guardian Unlimited)

---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: Yahoo! News Search Results for asbestos cancer <rssfwd@rssfwd.com>
Date: Fri, Jul 25, 2008 at 11:44 PM
Subject: Head of Pittsburgh cancer centre urges staff to limit mobile phone use due to risk of disease (Guardian Unlimited)
To: mesothelioma77@gmail.com

Head of a leading US research institute reignites controversy over the health risks of using mobile phones

Thu, 24 Jul 2008 20:51:23 GMT

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Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/search/asbestos+cancer/SIG=131na5j27/*http%3A//www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2008/jul/24/mobilephones.cancer?gusrc=rss&feed=worldnews
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Fwd: Underexpression of Deleted in liver cancer 2 (DLC2) is associated with overexpression of RhoA and poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma.

---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: HubMed - cancer <rssfwd@rssfwd.com>
Date: Fri, Jul 25, 2008 at 11:44 PM
Subject: Underexpression of Deleted in liver cancer 2 (DLC2) is associated with overexpression of RhoA and poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma.
To: mesothelioma77@gmail.com

[1]BMC Cancer. 2008 Jul 23; 8(1): 205
Xiaorong L, Wei W, Liyuan Q, Kaiyan Y

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: DLC2, a unique RhoGAP, has been recently identified as a tumor suppressor gene in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the expression of DLC2 protein, and its relationship with RhoA in clinical hepatocellular carcinoma have not been studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the DLC2 protein expression and its correlation with expression of RhoA, as well as to evaluate the prognostic value of DLC2 for HCC patients. METHODS: Western blot and immunohistochemical staining were employed to detect DLC2 protein expression in 128 HCC specimens. The correlation between DLC2 protein expression and clinicopathologic outcome, and prognostic value of DLC2 for HCC patients were analyzed. RESULTS: HCC tissues revealed significantly lower level of DLC2 protein than pericarcinomatous liver tissues (PCLT). There was significant correlation between underexpression of DLC2 protein and cell differentiation. Meanwhile, underexpression of DLC2 protein was correlated with overexression of RhoA. Furthermore, HCC Patients with DLC2-negative expression showed a significantly poorer prognosis than those with DLC2-positve expression. CONCLUSIONS: Our data strongly suggested that decreased DLC2 expression in HCC correlates with cell differentiation of HCC and overexpression of RhoA, underexpression of DLC2 is associated with poor prognosis in HCC patients.

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Fwd: Evaluation of the addition of video-based education for patients receiving standard pre-chemotherapy education.

---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: HubMed - cancer <rssfwd@rssfwd.com>
Date: Fri, Jul 25, 2008 at 11:44 PM
Subject: Evaluation of the addition of video-based education for patients receiving standard pre-chemotherapy education.
To: mesothelioma77@gmail.com

[1]Eur J Cancer Care (Engl). 2008 Jul; 17(4): 328-39
Kinnane N, Thompson L

Preparing cancer patients and their families for chemotherapy treatment is difficult. The challenge lies in finding ways to promote self-care and improve their ability to recall instructions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of an educational video with regard to patients' ability to recall and report side effects of treatment. Patients referred for adjuvant chemotherapy for breast and colorectal cancer were randomized to receive standard pre-chemotherapy education or standard education plus addition of a video. Patients completed a base line questionnaire assessing existing knowledge and another questionnaire prior to the second chemotherapy cycle evaluating recall of information. Patients who watched the video were asked to assess the video after six cycles of chemotherapy. Telephone calls to the department reporting symptoms were monitored for both groups. The video group demonstrated trends towards higher recall in information concerning fever, mouth problems, low red cell count and prevention of constipation. They more commonly telephoned reporting medical problems of nausea, vomiting and signs of infection compared with the standard group. In summary, our study demonstrated inclusion of video to standard chemotherapy education improves retention of information regarding management of predictable chemotherapy side effects and reporting of treatment-related symptoms.

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Source: http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=18652000
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Fwd: Prospective study of combined treatment with interferon-alpha and active vitamin D for Japanese patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: HubMed - cancer <rssfwd@rssfwd.com>
Date: Fri, Jul 25, 2008 at 11:44 PM
Subject: Prospective study of combined treatment with interferon-alpha and active vitamin D for Japanese patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma.
To: mesothelioma77@gmail.com

[1]Int J Urol. 2008 Jul 21;
Obara W, Mizutani Y, Oyama C, Akaza H, Ishii N, Kohri K, Namiki M, Okuyama A, Shima H, Yokoyama M, Shuin T, Miki T, Watanabe Y, Fujioka T

Objectives: To assess the safety and efficacy of combined therapy with interferon-alpha (INF-alpha) and active vitamin D(3) for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Methods: Sixteen patients with metastatic RCC were enrolled in this prospective study. All received oral alfacalcidol (1 microg once daily) and INF-alpha (Sumiferon; 3 million units, three times a week). The primary endpoint was the response rate (defined as complete + partial remission). Secondary endpoints were cancer-specific survival and toxicity. The median follow-up period was 17 months (range: 5-49 months). Results: The median age of the patients was 68 years (range: 41-73 years). The sites of metastases were: lung in 13 patients, bone in one, lung and bone in one, and lung, bone, and lymph nodes in one. Four patients (25%) had a partial response (PR), 10 patients (62.5%) showed no change (NC), and two patients (12.5%) had progressive disease (PD). The median cancer-specific survival time was 45 months. One patient had to discontinue vitamin D(3) because of hypercalcemia. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that metastasis at the time of initial diagnosis and older than average age were significant predictors of poor survival (P

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Source: http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=18651865
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Fwd: Discovery of 2-Chloro-N-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N-methylquinazolin-4-amine (EP128265, MPI-0441138) as a Potent Inducer of Apoptosis with High In Vivo Activity.

---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: HubMed - breast cancer <rssfwd@rssfwd.com>
Date: Fri, Jul 25, 2008 at 11:44 PM
Subject: Discovery of 2-Chloro-N-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N-methylquinazolin-4-amine (EP128265, MPI-0441138) as a Potent Inducer of Apoptosis with High In Vivo Activity.
To: mesothelioma77@gmail.com

[1]J Med Chem. 2008 Jul 24;
Sirisoma N, Kasibhatla S, Pervin A, Zhang H, Jiang S, Willardsen JA, Anderson MB, Baichwal V, Mather GG, Jessing K, Hussain R, Hoang K, Pleiman CM, Tseng B, Drewe J, Cai SX

Using a live cell, high-throughput caspase-3 activator assay, we have identified a novel series of 4-anilinoquinazolines as inducers of apoptosis. In this report, we discuss the discovery of 2-chloro- N-(4-methoxyphenyl)- N-methylquinazolin-4-amine, compound 2b (EP128265, MPI-0441138) as a highly active inducer of apoptosis (EC 50 for caspase activation of 2 nM) and as a potent inhibitor of cell proliferation (GI 50 of 2 nM) in T47D cells. Compound 2b inhibited tubulin polymerization, was effective in cells overexpressing ABC transporter Pgp-1, and was efficacious in the MX-1 human breast and PC-3 prostate cancer mouse models. In contrast to the SAR of 4-anilinoquinazolines as EGFR kinase inhibitors, the methyl group on the nitrogen linker was essential for the apoptosis-inducing activity of 4-anilinoquinazolines and substitution in the 6- and 7-positions of the quinazoline core structure decreased potency.

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Source: http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=18651728
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Fwd: Association between the expression of IL-10 and T cell activation proteins loss in early breast cancer patients.

---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: HubMed - breast cancer <rssfwd@rssfwd.com>
Date: Fri, Jul 25, 2008 at 11:44 PM
Subject: Association between the expression of IL-10 and T cell activation proteins loss in early breast cancer patients.
To: mesothelioma77@gmail.com

[1]J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2008 Jul 24;
Llanes-Fernández L, Del Carmen Arango-Prado M, Alcocer-González JM, Guerra-Yi ME, Franco-Odio S, Camacho-Rodríguez R, Madrid-Marina V, Tamez-Guerra R, Rodríguez-Padilla C

Breast cancer patients may express abnormal cellular immune responses affecting their immunological competence. The analysis of immunological parameters may be useful as indicators of T cell function. To determine the expression of lymphocyte activation proteins and cytokines in tumor and non-metastatic axillary lymph nodes, 30 breast cancer patients were monitored. CD3 polypeptides, PTKs (protein tyrosine kinases) and phosphorylated tyrosines were studied by Western Blot and cytokines mRNA expression was determined by RT-PCR (reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction). This group of patient had shown high immunohistochemistry expression of IL-10 in tumors. Activation proteins were mainly expressed in involved lymph nodes comparing with their expression in tumors. The differences in expression of CD3 polypeptides and p56(lck) between both locations were significant. There was no statistical association between PTKs and IL-10 in the tumor but more than 50% of cases who express IL-10 lost p56(lck), p59(fyn). A direct association between IL-10 and CD3-polypeptides was observed, however 52.2% of patients who express IL-10 did not express 41 kDa CD3-zeta form. IL-10 mRNA was detected in more than 50% of tumors contrary to the prevalence of type 1 cytokines in regional nodes (40%). The lack of expression of lymphocyte activations proteins and the high expression of IL-10 suggest a downregulation on T cells function in the tumors. These results are useful in order to understand the local immune response that would be key in the control of the tumor progression.

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Source: http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=18651178
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Fwd: Expectoration of a lung metastasis in a patient with colorectal carcinoma.

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From: HubMed - breast cancer <rssfwd@rssfwd.com>
Date: Fri, Jul 25, 2008 at 11:44 PM
Subject: Expectoration of a lung metastasis in a patient with colorectal carcinoma.
To: mesothelioma77@gmail.com

[1]Clin Colorectal Cancer. 2008 Jul; 7(4): 283-6
Ghetie C, Davies M, Cornfeld D, Suh N, Saif MW

Metastatic disease is present in up to 20% of patients at the time of diagnosis of colorectal cancer. The most frequently involved sites are the liver and the lungs. A rare form of lung metastatic disease is endobronchial metastases, most commonly seen with breast cancer and colon cancer. Their clinical and imaging profile is similar to primary bronchogenic carcinoma. Tumor expectoration is an unusual manifestation of endobronchial metastases (as well as of the primary lung carcinoma). We report the case of a 75-year-old man with known liver and lung metastatic disease from colon cancer who experienced an episode of tissue expectoration. Pathology examination of the expectorated piece of tissue was consistent with colonic adenocarcinoma. Tumor expectoration is a rare event, with

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Source: http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=18650198
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Friday, July 25, 2008

Fwd: Cancer testis antigen expression in gastrointestinal stromal tumors: New markers for early recurrence.

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From: HubMed - cancer <rssfwd@rssfwd.com>
Date: Thu, Jul 24, 2008 at 7:29 AM
Subject: Cancer testis antigen expression in gastrointestinal stromal tumors: New markers for early recurrence.
To: mesothelioma77@gmail.com

[1]Int J Cancer. 2008 Jul 21;
Perez D, Herrmann T, Jungbluth AA, Samartzis P, Spagnoli G, Demartines N, Clavien PA, Marino S, Seifert B, Jaeger D

Cancer testis antigens (CTAs) are expressed in a variety of malignant tumors but not in any normal adult tissues except germ cells and occasionally placenta. Because of this tumor-associated pattern of expression, CTAs are regarded as potential vaccine targets. The expression of CTAs in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) has not been analyzed systematically previously. The present study was performed to analyze the expression of CTA in GIST and to determine if CTA expression correlates with prognosis. Thirty-five GIST patients were retrospectively analyzed for their expression of CTAs by immunohistochemistry using the followingmonoclonal antibodies (mAb/antigen): MA454/MAGE-A1, M3H67/MAGE-A3, 57B/MAGE-A4, CT7-33/MAGE-C1 and E978/NY-ESO-1. Fourteen tumors (40%) expressed 1 or more of the 5 CTAs tested. Fourteen percent (n = 5/35) were positive for MAGE-A1, MAGE-A3 or MAGE-A4, respectively. Twenty-six percent (n = 9/35) stained positive for MAGE-C1 and 20% (n = 7/35) for NY-ESO-1. A highly significant correlation between CTA expression and tumor recurrence risk was observed (71% vs. 29%; p = 0.027). In our study population, the high-risk GIST expressed CTAs more frequently than low-risk GIST (p = 0.012). High-risk GISTs which stained positive for at least 1 CTA, recurred in 100% (n = 25) of the cases. This is the first study analyzing CTA expression in GIST and its prognostic value for recurrence. The CTA staining could add information to the individual patient prognosis and represent an interesting target for future treatment strategies. (c) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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Source: http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=18646188
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Fwd: Receipt of standard breast cancer treatment by african american and white women.

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From: HubMed - breast cancer <rssfwd@rssfwd.com>
Date: Thu, Jul 24, 2008 at 7:30 AM
Subject: Receipt of standard breast cancer treatment by african american and white women.
To: mesothelioma77@gmail.com

[1]Int J Med Sci. 2008; 5(4): 181-8
Worthington J, Waterbor JW, Funkhouser E, Falkson C, Cofield S, Fouad M

Objectives: Breast cancer mortality is higher among African Americans than for Whites, though their breast cancer incidence is lower. This study examines whether this disparity may be due to differential receipt of treatment defined as "standard of care" or "addition to standard of care" by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN).Design: Incident, female breast cancer cases, 2,203 African American and 7,518 White, diagnosed during 1996-2002 were identified from the Alabama Statewide Cancer Registry. Breast cancer treatment was characterized as whether or not a woman received standard of care as defined by the NCCN. For cases characterized as receiving standard of care, addition to standard of care was also evaluated, defined as receiving at least one additional treatment modality according to NCCN guidelines. Logistic models were used to evaluate racial differences in standard and addition to standard of care and to adjust for age, stage at diagnosis, year of diagnosis and area of residence.Results: No racial differences were found for standard (Prevalence Ratio (PR)=1.00) or for addition to standard of care (PR=1.00) after adjustment for confounders. When the adjusted models were examined separately by age, stage, and area of residence, overall no racial differences were found.Conclusion: No racial differences in standard of care and addition to standard of care for breast cancer treatment were found. Therefore, both African Americans and Whites received comparable treatment according to NCCN guidelines.

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Source: http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=18645609
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Fwd: Associations between serum testosterone levels, cell proliferation and progesterone receptor content in normal and malignant breast tissue in postmenopausal women.

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From: HubMed - breast cancer <rssfwd@rssfwd.com>
Date: Thu, Jul 24, 2008 at 7:30 AM
Subject: Associations between serum testosterone levels, cell proliferation and progesterone receptor content in normal and malignant breast tissue in postmenopausal women.
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[1]Gynecol Endocrinol. 2008 Jul; 24(7): 405-10
Hofling M, Lofgren L, von Schoultz E, Carlstrom K, Soderqvist G

Progestogens and progesterone receptors (PR) may play an important role in increased breast proliferation following combined estrogen/progestogen hormone therapy, while androgens may counteract this effect. In 50 untreated healthy postmenopausal women and 48 untreated postmenopausal breast cancer patients, we measured serum levels of testosterone (T), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), estrone (E(1)) and adrenal androgens; and additionally, in the breast cancer patients, cortisol and corticosteroid-binding globulin and endocrine data related to breast proliferation (assessed using the Ki-67/MIB-1 monoclonal antibody) and PR levels (determined by enzyme immunoassay) in the breast cancer tissue. In the healthy women the percentage of MIB-1(+) cells showed significant negative correlations with serum levels of total T, calculated free T (fT) and the fT/E(1) ratio; while in the breast cancer patients PR content showed significant negative correlations with fT level, the fT/E(1) ratio and the T/SHBG ratio. No other correlations were found in any of the groups. Our findings in healthy women confirm previous reports of an antiproliferative effect of androgens in breast tissue and our finding in breast cancer patients suggests that this antiproliferative effect may be mediated via downregulation of PR.

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Source: http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=18645713
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Fwd: Fraction size in radiation treatment for breast conservation in early breast cancer.

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From: HubMed - breast cancer <rssfwd@rssfwd.com>
Date: Thu, Jul 24, 2008 at 7:30 AM
Subject: Fraction size in radiation treatment for breast conservation in early breast cancer.
To: mesothelioma77@gmail.com

[1]Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008; CD003860
James ML, Lehman M, Hider PN, Jeffery M, Francis DP, Hickey BE

BACKGROUND: Shortening the duration of radiation therapy would benefit women with early breast cancer treated with breast conservation. It may also improve access to radiation therapy by improving efficiency in radiation oncology departments globally. This can only happen if the shorter treatment is as effective and safe as conventional radiation therapy. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of altered fraction size on women with early breast cancer who have undergone breast conserving surgery. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Breast Cancer Group Specialised Register (June 2006), MEDLINE (November 2006), EMBASE (November 2006), reference lists for articles, and relevant conference proceedings. No language constraints were applied. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials of unconventional versus conventional fractionation in women with early breast cancer who had undergone breast conserving surgery. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Data extraction was performed independently by the authors with disagreements resolved by discussion. Missing data was sought by contacting the authors concerned. MAIN RESULTS: Two trials were included and reported on 2644 women. The women were highly selected with node negative tumours smaller than 5 cm and negative pathological margins; 46% of the women had a cup separation size of less than 25 cm. The studies were of high quality. Data for local recurrence and breast appearance were not available in a form which could be combined. Unconventional fractionation (delivering radiation therapy in larger amounts each day but over fewer days than with conventional fractionation) did not appear to affect: (1) local-recurrence free survival (absolute difference 0.4%, 95% CI -1.5% to 2.4%), (2) breast appearance (risk ratio (RR) 1.01, 95% CI 0.88 to 1.17; P = 0.86), (3) survival at five years (RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.78 to 1.19; P = 0.75), (4) late skin toxicity at five years (RR 0.99, 95% CI 0.44 to 2.22; P = 0.98, or (5) late radiation toxicity in sub-cutaneous tissue (RR 1.0, 95% CI 0.78 to 1.28; P = 0.99). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: We have evidence from two high quality randomised trials that the use of unconventional fractionation regimes (greater than 2 Gy per fraction) does not affect breast appearance or toxicity and does not seem to affect local recurrence for selected women treated with breast conserving therapy. These are women with node negative tumours smaller than 5 cm and negative pathological margins. Two new trials have been published in March 2008. Their results are consistent with our findings. The results of these trials will be incorporated in the next update of this review.

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Source: http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=18646095
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Fwd: Effects of fulvestrant alone or combined with different steroids in human breast cancer cells in vitro.

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From: HubMed - breast cancer <rssfwd@rssfwd.com>
Date: Thu, Jul 24, 2008 at 7:30 AM
Subject: Effects of fulvestrant alone or combined with different steroids in human breast cancer cells in vitro.
To: mesothelioma77@gmail.com

[1]Climacteric. 2008 Aug; 11(4): 315-21
Jansen GH, Franke HR, Wolbers F, Brinkhuis M, Vermes I

OBJECTIVES: Fulvestrant is an estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist that binds, blocks and degrades the estrogen receptor and is currently used in adjuvant treatment in postmenopausal women with ER-positive breast cancer as an alternative for tamoxifen. As an antagonist, it may induce or aggravate climacteric symptoms. In order to alleviate these symptoms, one could consider hormone therapy. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of fulvestrant alone or in combination with different steroids in human breast cancer cells in vitro, and to demonstrate whether these steroids will compromise the efficacy of fulvestrant in ER-positive breast cancer cells. METHODS: We performed experiments in vitro with various hormone therapy preparations (estradiol (E2), dihydrodydrogesterone (DHD) and tibolone) at a concentration of 10(-6) mol/l alone or combined with fulvestrant in different breast cancer cell lines, ER-positive and ER-negative. After an incubation of 144 h, proliferation and apoptosis were measured. The first was measured by quantification of the expression of cyclin D1 mRNA, the latter by the Nicoletti fragmentation assay. RESULTS: This in vitro study revealed clear differences in results when various hormone therapy preparations, alone or combined with fulvestrant, are added to ER-positive and ER-negative breast cancer cell lines. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated that fulvestrant, an ER antagonist used in the treatment of ER-positive breast cancer, combined with E2 and DHD or in combination with tibolone, is not compromised in its efficacy in inducing apoptosis in ER-positive breast cancer cell lines in vitro.

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Source: http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=18645697
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Wednesday, July 23, 2008

Fwd: Do both heterocyclic amines and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids contribute to the incidence of breast cancer in postmenopausal women of the Malmö diet and cancer cohort?

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From: HubMed - breast cancer <rssfwd@rssfwd.com>
Date: Sat, Jul 19, 2008 at 9:37 PM
Subject: Do both heterocyclic amines and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids contribute to the incidence of breast cancer in postmenopausal women of the Malmö diet and cancer cohort?
To: mesothelioma77@gmail.com

[1]Int J Cancer. 2008 Jul 17;
Sonestedt E, Ericson U, Gullberg B, Skog K, Olsson H, Wirfält E

Heterocyclic amines (HAs), formed when meat and fish are cooked at high temperatures, have been linked to mammary gland cancer in rats, and some epidemiological studies indicate increased breast cancer risk by consumption of well-done meat. The epidemiological evidence linking HAs per se to breast cancer is however sparse, especially from prospective studies. Moreover, high-fat diets rich in omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have produced higher frequencies of HA-induced mammary gland tumors in rats compared to those fed low-fat diets. The aim was to evaluate prospectively if intake of HAs is associated with breast cancer incidence, and if the association is independent of omega-6 PUFA intakes. Among women 50 years or older at baseline from the population-based prospective Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort (n = 11,699), 430 women were diagnosed with incident invasive breast cancer during a mean follow-up of 10.4 years. Information on dietary habits was collected by a modified diet history method. Cox proportional hazards regression estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of breast cancer associated with energy-adjusted intakes of HAs and omega-6 PUFA. Intakes of HAs were not associated with breast cancer incidence (HR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.69-1.28, for highest compared to lowest quintile). In individuals with low HA intakes, a significant increased risk was observed among those with high intakes of omega-6 PUFAs. In conclusion, intakes of HAs are not associated with breast cancer incidence in this Swedish cohort, but dietary patterns very high in omega-6 PUFA may promote breast cancer development. (c) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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Source: http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=18636564
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