Fwd: Expression analysis of the autosomal recessive primary microcephaly genes MCPH1 (microcephalin) and MCPH5 (ASPM, abnormal spindle-like, microcephaly associated) in human malignant gliomas.

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From: HubMed - breast cancer <rssfwd@rssfwd.com>
Date: Sat, Jul 19, 2008 at 9:37 PM
Subject: Expression analysis of the autosomal recessive primary microcephaly genes MCPH1 (microcephalin) and MCPH5 (ASPM, abnormal spindle-like, microcephaly associated) in human malignant gliomas.
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[1]Oncol Rep. 2008 Aug; 20(2): 301-8
Hagemann C, Anacker J, Gerngras S, Kühnel S, Said HM, Patel R, Kämmerer U, Vordermark D, Roosen K, Vince GH

Patients with autosomal recessive primary microcephaly have a small but architecturally normal brain containing a reduced number of neurons. Microcephalin and ASPM are two of the genes causing this disease. Both are centrosomal proteins involved in cell cycle regulation. Whereas microcephalin is a component of the DNA damage response and a repressor of telomerase function, ASPM is required for the proper formation of a central mitotic spindle and ensures symmetric, proliferative divisions of neuro-epithelial cells. Both proteins are also involved in the regulation of tumor growth. Microcephalin expression is reduced in breast cancer cell lines and human tumors of the ovary and prostate. Reduction in microcephalin mRNA expression correlates with increased chromosomal instability. ASPM mRNA is overexpressed in transformed human cell lines and tumors, and its increased expression is positively associated with proliferation of glioblastoma cells. Glioblastomas are the most prevalent malignant brain tumors in adults, characterized by increased invasiveness, an aggressive local growth pattern and short survival periods of patients. In this study, we analysed the expression of microcephalin mRNA and ASPM mRNA and protein in a panel of 15 glioblastomas and 15 astrocytoma WHO grade II by semi-quantitative RT-PCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Whereas microcephalin expression did not seem to be altered during glioma development, there was a clear increase in ASPM mRNA and protein expression that corresponded with the WHO grade of the tumor. Our findings are significant as the expression of ASPM may be used as a marker for glioma malignancy and represents a potential therapeutic target.



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Fwd: Bilateral breast carcinoma - Risk factors and outcomes for patients with synchronous and metachronous disease

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From: Connotea: Bookmarks matching tags breast and cancer <rssfwd@rssfwd.com>
Date: Sat, Jul 19, 2008 at 9:37 PM
Subject: Bilateral breast carcinoma - Risk factors and outcomes for patients with synchronous and metachronous disease
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[1]

[2]Bilateral breast carcinoma - Risk factors and outcomes for patients with synchronous and metachronous disease

Bilateral breast carcinoma

Dwight Heron et al.

Cancer 88 (12), 2739-50 (2000)

info:pmid/10870056 | info:doi/10.1002/1097-0142(20000615)88:12%3C2739::AID-CNCR12%3E3.0.CO;2-J

Posted by [3]mjpires to [4]synchonous [5]metachronous [6]breast [7]risk factors [8]cancer on [9]Thu Jul 17 2008 at 18:56 UTC | [10]info | related

mjpires

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Fwd: Expression of Indian Hedgehog signaling molecules in breast cancer.

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From: HubMed - breast cancer <rssfwd@rssfwd.com>
Date: Sat, Jul 19, 2008 at 9:37 PM
Subject: Expression of Indian Hedgehog signaling molecules in breast cancer.
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[1]J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2008 Jul 18;
Xuan Y, Lin Z

PURPOSE: To investigate the clinicopathological significance and expression pattern of Hedgehog (Hh) signaling molecules in breast normal glands and invasive ductal carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 142 cases, including 21 of normal breast and 121 of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast, were immunohistochemically analyzed for Ihh, Ptch, Smo, Gli-1, Gli-2, and Gli-3 protein expression. RESULTS: All of Hh signaling molecules were greatly enhanced in invasive ductal carcinoma compared with the normal breast epithelia. The expressions of Ihh, Smo, and Gli-2 were increased in PR negative cases, and the expressions of Ihh, Ptch, and Gli-1/2/3 were statistically correlated with increased proliferating index of Ki-67 in invasive ductal carcinoma. Ihh and Gli-1/2/3 expressions were correlated with node metastasis. Additionally, the protein expressions of Ihh, Ptch, and Gli-2 were correlated with the clinical stage of breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Hedgehog signaling molecules play an important role in the progression of invasive ductal carcinoma of breast.



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Fwd: Strict sun protection results in minimal skin changes in a patient with xeroderma pigmentosum and a novel c.2009delG mutation in XPD (ERCC2).

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From: HubMed - cancer <rssfwd@rssfwd.com>
Date: Sat, Jul 19, 2008 at 9:37 PM
Subject: Strict sun protection results in minimal skin changes in a patient with xeroderma pigmentosum and a novel c.2009delG mutation in XPD (ERCC2).
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[1]Exp Dermatol. 2008 Jul 7;
Emmert S, Ueda T, Zumsteg U, Weber P, Khan SG, Oh KS, Boyle J, Laspe P, Zachmann K, Boeckmann L, Kuschal C, Bircher A, Kraemer KH

We examined the clinical, molecular and genetic features of a 16-year-old boy (XP2GO) with xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) and progressive neurological symptoms. The parents are not consanguineous. Increased sun sensitivity led to the diagnosis of XP at 2 years of age and a strict UV protection scheme was implemented. Besides recurrent conjunctivitis and bilateral pterygium, only mild freckling was present on his lips. He shows absent deep tendon reflexes, progressive sensorineural deafness and progressive mental retardation. MRI shows diffuse frontal cerebral atrophy and dilated ventricles. Symptoms of trichothiodystrophy (brittle hair with a tiger-tail banding pattern on polarized microscopy) or Cockayne syndrome (cachectic dwarfism, cataracts, pigmentary retinopathy and spasticity) were absent. XP2GO fibroblasts showed reduced post-UV cell survival (D(37) = 3.8 J/m(2)), reduced nucleotide excision repair, reduced expression of XPD mRNA and an undetectable level of XPD protein. Mutational analysis of the XPD gene in XP2GO revealed two different mutations: a common p.Arg683Trp amino acid change (c.2047C>T) known to be associated with XP and a novel frameshift mutation c.2009delG (p.Gly670Alafs*39). The latter mutation potentially behaves as a null allele. While not preventing neurological degeneration, early diagnosis and rigorous sun protection can result in minimal skin disease without cancer in XP patients.



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Fwd: Cancer genomics and genetics of FGFR2 (Review).

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From: HubMed - breast cancer <rssfwd@rssfwd.com>
Date: Sat, Jul 19, 2008 at 9:37 PM
Subject: Cancer genomics and genetics of FGFR2 (Review).
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[1]Int J Oncol. 2008 Aug; 33(2): 233-7
Katoh M

FGFR2 gene encodes FGFR2b in epithelial cells, and FGFR2c in mesenchymal cells. FGFR2b is a high affinity receptor for FGF1, FGF3, FGF7, FGF10 and FGF22, while FGFR2c for FGF1, FGF2, FGF4, FGF6, FGF9, FGF16 and FGF20. Here genomics and genetics of FGFR2, and therapeutics targeted to FGFR2 will be reviewed. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of FGFR2 are associated with increased risk of breast cancer. Gene amplification or missense mutation of FGFR2 occurs in gastric cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and endometrial cancer. Genetic alterations of FGFR2 induce aberrant FGFR2 signaling activation due to release of FGFR2 from autoinhibition, or creation of FGF signaling autocrine loop. Class switch of FGFR2b to FGFR2c is associated with more malignant phenotype. FGF and canonical WNT signals synergize during mammary carcinogenesis, but counteract during osteogenesis and adipogenesis. Among PD173074, SU5402, and AZD2171 functioning as FGFR inhibitors, AZD2171 is the most promising anti-cancer drug. Cancer genomics and genetics are utilized to predict cancer-driving pathway for therapeutic optimization. FGFR2ome is defined as a complete data set of SNP, copy number variation (CNV), missense mutation, gene amplification, and predominant isoform of FGFR2. FGFR2ome analyses in patients with several tumor types among various populations should be carried out to establish integrative database of FGFR2 for the rational clinical application of FGFR2-targeted cancer therapy.



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Fwd: Comparison of chromogenic in situ hybridisation with fluorescence in situ hybridisation and immunohistochemistry for the assessment of her-2/neu oncogene in archival material of breast carcinoma.

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From: HubMed - breast cancer <rssfwd@rssfwd.com>
Date: Sat, Jul 19, 2008 at 9:37 PM
Subject: Comparison of chromogenic in situ hybridisation with fluorescence in situ hybridisation and immunohistochemistry for the assessment of her-2/neu oncogene in archival material of breast carcinoma.
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[1]Acta Histochem Cytochem. 2008 Jun 27; 41(3): 59-64
Pothos A, Plastira K, Plastiras A, Vlachodimitropoulos D, Goutas N, Angelopoulou R

The successful treatment of breast cancer is dependent upon a number of complex factors. Her-2/neu gene amplification is known to be one of the most common genetic alterations associated with breast cancer and its accurate determination has become necessary for the selection of patients for trastuzumab therapy.The aim of this study was to prove the consistency of chromogenic in situ hybridisation (CISH) technique after analyzing the overexpression of the Her-2/neu proto-oncogene in 100 invasive breast carcinomas and by comparing CISH results with immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH). Moreover, it was done to evaluate the possible correlation of estrogen (ERs) and progesterone receptors (PRs), the proliferation marker Ki67 and the tumour suppressor gene p53 with HER-2/neu status of these breast carcinomas.Of the 100 breast carcinomas that were analysed, 22 cases showed HER-2/neu amplification, 66 cases showed no amplification, whereas 12 cases were non-interpretable in both assays (FISH and CISH). Consequently, the overall concordance between FISH and CISH was 100%. Additionally, it was observed that when HER-2/neu gene was overexpressed, there was an association with negative PRs and ERs status, negative p53 protein expression and high Ki67 labelling index.It is concluded that patients with tumours scoring 2+ with the CBE356 antibody (borderline immunohistochemistry-tested cases) would also benefit from CISH as it is shown to be highly accurate, practical and can be easily integrated into routine testing in any histopathology laboratory. Finally, CISH represents an important addition to the HER2 testing algorithm.



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Fwd: Lymphomas Involving the Breast: A Study of 106 Cases Comparing Localized and Disseminated Neoplasms.

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From: HubMed - breast cancer <rssfwd@rssfwd.com>
Date: Sat, Jul 19, 2008 at 9:37 PM
Subject: Lymphomas Involving the Breast: A Study of 106 Cases Comparing Localized and Disseminated Neoplasms.
To: mesothelioma77@gmail.com


[1]Am J Surg Pathol. 2008 Jul 16;
Talwalkar SS, Miranda RN, Valbuena JR, Routbort MJ, Martin AW, Medeiros LJ

Lymphomas involving the breast account for approximately 2% of extranodal and

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