Fwd: Diagnostic significance of 'atypia' in instrumented versus voided urine specimens.

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From: HubMed - cancer <rssfwd@rssfwd.com>
Date: Fri, Jun 13, 2008 at 11:19 PM
Subject: Diagnostic significance of 'atypia' in instrumented versus voided urine specimens.
To: mesothelioma77@gmail.com


[1]Cancer. 2008 Jun 11;
Kapur U, Venkataraman G, Wojcik EM

BACKGROUND.: Urine cytology plays an important role in monitoring patients with a history of urothelial carcinoma. Because it is difficult to reliably discriminate artifacts induced by instrumentation, inflammation, or therapy those of from malignant cells, many of these specimens are categorized as atypical. The objective of the current study was to study the prevalence and significance of atypical urine cytology with regard to the effect of instrumentation and prior biopsy. METHODS.: All urine cytology cases seen during a 4-year period (2001-2004) with a diagnosis of atypical urothelial cells (AU) were obtained from the cytopathology computer database. In all cases with available surgical follow-up, the following data were extracted: total number and type of urine specimen, the primary histologic diagnosis, and follow-up histologic diagnosis. RESULTS.: In all, 1653 voided and 3502 instrumented urine specimens were examined. A diagnosis of AU was rendered in 115 (6.9%) of the voided urine specimens and in 277 (7.9%) of the instrumented specimens. Follow-up histology was available in 70 cases, including 55 instrumented and 15 voided urine specimens. A nonbenign follow-up diagnosis was observed in 18 of 55 (32.7%) cases in the instrumented group and in 7 of 15 (46.6%) cases in the voided group. Voided urine was marginally associated with a worse subsequent biopsy diagnosis (Pexact Monte Carlo = .09) CONCLUSIONS.: An AU diagnosis is more predictive of a subsequent adverse biopsy diagnosis in voided urine specimens compared with instrumented urines. In the absence of a benchmark for the atypia rate, it is prudent to keep the atypia rate low to keep it more meaningful. This important category should be used by the pathologist to convey concern and recognize the difficulty in interpretation of specimens that may require close follow-up. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2008. (c) 2008 American Cancer Society.



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Source: http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=18548527
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Fwd: Effects of antisense RNA targeting of ODC and AdoMetDC on the synthesis of polyamine synthesis and cell growth in prostate cancer cells using a prostatic androgen-dependent promoter in adenovirus.

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From: HubMed - cancer <rssfwd@rssfwd.com>
Date: Fri, Jun 13, 2008 at 11:19 PM
Subject: Effects of antisense RNA targeting of ODC and AdoMetDC on the synthesis of polyamine synthesis and cell growth in prostate cancer cells using a prostatic androgen-dependent promoter in adenovirus.
To: mesothelioma77@gmail.com


[1]Prostate. 2008 Jun 11;
Li W, Liu X, Wang W, Sun H, Hu Y, Lei H, Liu G, Gao Y

PURPOSE: This study was designed to investigate the use of a prostatic androgen-dependent promoter to mediate antisense targeting of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (AdoMetDC) and its effects on the synthesis of polyamine. We also examined the potential of this construct for prostate cancer therapy. METHODS: pADxsi-PSES-AdoMetDC-ODC-PolyA AV was constructed and used to infect various cancer cell lines, including LNCaP, HT-29, H1299, HepG2. The effects of pADxsi-PSES-AdoMetDC-ODC-PolyA AV on the expression of ODC and AdoMetDC, in addition to the cell cycle, apoptosis and p21 levels, were analyzed through Western blotting and cytometry. A Matrigel invasion assay was used to analyze the effects of the recombinant virus on tumor cell invasion. The effect on polyamine content was also determined, and the relationship between inhibition of cellular ODC and AdoMetDC and decreases in polyamine were also investigated using a polyamine recovery assay. RESULTS: Treatment with pADxsi-PSES-AdoMetDC-ODC-PolyA at an MOI of 90 significantly inhibited the proliferation of LNCaP cells, which could not be recovered through the addition of exogenous putrescine. The expression of ODC and AdoMetDC was also reduced, as was the polyamine content. The G1 phase of LNCaP cells was delayed, but no increase in apoptosis was detected. The down-regulation of ODC and AdoMetDC led to increased p21 expression. CONCLUSIONS: The pADxsi-PSES-AdoMetDC-ODC-PolyA AV specifically inhibited the expression of ODC and AdoMetDC and the synthesis of polyamine, while it induced p21 expression, resulting in cell growth arrest in the G1 phase in prostate cancer cells but not in other cells. Prostate (c) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.



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Source: http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=18548481
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Fwd: Impact of Body Mass Index on Perioperative Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Major Intra-abdominal Cancer Surgery.

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From: HubMed - cancer <rssfwd@rssfwd.com>
Date: Fri, Jun 13, 2008 at 11:19 PM
Subject: Impact of Body Mass Index on Perioperative Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Major Intra-abdominal Cancer Surgery.
To: mesothelioma77@gmail.com


[1]Ann Surg Oncol. 2008 Jun 12;
Mullen JT, Davenport DL, Hutter MM, Hosokawa PW, Henderson WG, Khuri SF, Moorman DW

BACKGROUND: Obesity is an increasingly common serious chronic health condition. We sought to determine the impact of body mass index (BMI) on perioperative outcomes in patients undergoing major intra-abdominal cancer surgery. METHODS: A prospective, multi-institutional, risk-adjusted cohort study of patients undergoing major intra-abdominal cancer surgery was performed from the 14 university hospitals participating in the Patient Safety in Surgery Study of the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP). Demographic, clinical, and intraoperative variables and 30-day morbidity and mortality were prospectively collected in standardized fashion. Analysis of variance, Bonferroni multiple comparisons of means tests, and multivariable logistic regression analysis were performed. RESULTS: We identified 2258 patients who underwent esophagectomy (n = 29), gastrectomy (n = 223), hepatectomy (n = 554), pancreatectomy (n = 699), or low anterior resection/proctectomy (n = 753). Patients were stratified by National Institutes of Health (NIH)-defined BMI obesity class, with 573 (25.4%) patients classified as obese (BMI > 30 kg/m(2)). There were no differences in mean work relative value units, total time of operation, or length of stay amongst the BMI classes. After adjusting for other risk factors, obesity was not a risk factor for death or major complications but was a risk factor for wound complications. The risk of postoperative death was greatest in underweight patients (odds ratio [OR] 5.24; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.7-16.2). CONCLUSION: In patients undergoing major intra-abdominal cancer surgery, obesity is not a risk factor for postoperative mortality or major complications. Importantly, underweight patients have a fivefold increased risk of postoperative mortality, perhaps a consequence of their underlying nutritional status.



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Source: http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=18548313
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Fwd: Dysregulation in immune functions is reflected in tumor cell cytotoxicity by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients.

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From: HubMed - breast cancer <rssfwd@rssfwd.com>
Date: Fri, Jun 13, 2008 at 11:19 PM
Subject: Dysregulation in immune functions is reflected in tumor cell cytotoxicity by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients.
To: mesothelioma77@gmail.com


[1]Cancer Immun. 2008; 8: 10
Bose A, Chakraborty T, Chakraborty K, Pal S, Baral R

We assessed the immunological status of stage III and IV head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients and age-matched healthy individuals. In HNSCC patients, the total leukocyte count was lower and the proliferating ability of PBMCs against phytohemagglutinin (PHA) was significantly downregulated. These cells showed lower expression of the early activation marker CD69. Within this PBMC population, the proportion of CD4+, CD8+ T cells, CD3- CD56+, CD16+ NK cells and CD3+ CD56+ NK-T cells was seriously downregulated. However, the proportion of CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells having suppressor function was upregulated. Other immune cells, like CD14+ monocytes/macrophages and CD20+ B cells, were also fewer in number, although this difference was not statistically significant. Assessment of the cytokine secretory status of PBMCs revealed suppressed levels of Th1 cytokines (IFN-gamma, IL-12 and TNF-alpha) and elevated secretion of Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) for HNSCC PBMCs whereas just the opposite was seen for PBMCs from healthy individuals. Dysregulation in the profile of immunocompetent cells and cytokine secretion was reflected in the suppressed cytotoxic function of HNSCC PBMCs, as tested on KB (oral cancer), MCF7 (breast cancer), COLO205 (colon cancer), Jurkat (T cell leukemia), K562 (erythroleukemia) and U937 (monocytic lymphoma) cell lines. The observed decreased cytotoxicity of HNSCC PBMCs may be due to the downregulated expression of cytotoxic molecules (perforin, granzymeB and FasL) in HNSCC PBMCs. Assessment of the extent of immune dysfunction might help design immunotherapeutic protocols by incorporating any agent having immunomodulatory function.



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Source: http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=18547033
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Fwd: Internet-Based Survey Evaluating Use of Pain Medications and Attitudes of Radiation Oncology Patients Toward Pain Intervention.

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From: HubMed - breast cancer <rssfwd@rssfwd.com>
Date: Fri, Jun 13, 2008 at 11:19 PM
Subject: Internet-Based Survey Evaluating Use of Pain Medications and Attitudes of Radiation Oncology Patients Toward Pain Intervention.
To: mesothelioma77@gmail.com


[1]Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2008 Jun 9;
Simone CB, Vapiwala N, Hampshire MK, Metz JM

PURPOSE: Pain is a common symptom among cancer patients, yet many patients do not receive adequate pain management. Few data exist quantifying analgesic use by radiation oncology patients. This study evaluated the causes of pain in cancer patients and investigated the reasons patients fail to receive optimal analgesic therapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: An institutional review board-approved, Internet-based questionnaire assessing analgesic use and pain control was posted on the OncoLink (available at www.oncolink.org) Website. Between November 2005 and April 2006, 243 patients responded. They were predominantly women (73%), white (71%), and educated beyond high school (67%) and had breast (38%), lung (6%), or ovarian (6%) cancer. This analysis evaluated the 106 patients (44%) who underwent radiotherapy. RESULTS: Of the 106 patients, 58% reported pain from their cancer treatment, and 46% reported pain directly from their cancer. The pain was chronic in 51% and intermittent in 33%. Most (80%) did not use medication to manage their pain. Analgesic use was significantly less in patients with greater education levels (11% vs. 36%, p = 0.002), with a trend toward lower use by whites (16% vs. 32%, p = 0.082) and women (17% vs. 29%, p = 0.178). The reasons for not taking analgesics included healthcare provider not recommending medication (87%), fear of addiction or dependence (79%), and inability to pay (79%). Participants experiencing pain, but not taking analgesics, pursued alternative therapies for relief. CONCLUSIONS: Many radiation oncology patients experience pain from their disease and cancer treatment. Most study participants did not use analgesics because of concerns of addiction, cost, or failure of the radiation oncologist to recommend medication. Healthcare providers should have open discussions with their patients regarding pain symptoms and treatment.



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Source: http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=18547743
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